|
''Attalea phalerata'' is a species of palm tree known by the English common name urucuri palm, the Portuguese common name ''urucurizeiro'', and the Spanish common name ''shapaja''.〔(''Attalea phalerata''. ) Germplasm Resources Information Network.〕 Other common names include ''motacu''〔Justi, S. A., et al. (2010). (Infestation of peridomestic ''Attalea phalerata'' palms by ''Rhodnius stali'', a vector of ''Trypanosoma cruzi'' in the Alto Beni, Bolivia. ) ''Tropical Medicine and International Health'' 15(6) 727-32.〕 and ''bacuri''.〔Galetti, M. and P. R. Guimarães Jr. (2004). (Seed dispersal of ''Attalea phalerata'' (Palmae) by Crested caracaras (''Caracara plancus'') in the Pantanal and a review of frugivory by raptors. ) ''Ararajuba'' 12(2) 133-35.〕 It is native to Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru,〔 where it grows along southern and western Amazonia.〔Choo, J., et al. (2010). (Characterization of 14 microsatellite loci in a tropical palm, ''Attelea phalerata'' (Arecaceae). ) ''American Journal of Botany'' e105-e106.〕 It is the most common palm tree on the Pantanal.〔Corrêa, C. E., et al. (2012). (Seed banks on ''Attalea phalerata'' (Arecaceae) stems in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. ) ''Annals of Botany'' 109 729-34.〕 This palm grows up to 18 meters tall. It begins to reproduce at one meter tall, at an age of 7 to 10 years. It produces flowers throughout the year and fruits twice per year. It grows in many types of forests.〔Barthlott, W. and M. Winiger. ''(Biodiversity: A Challenge for Development Research and Policy. )'' Springer 2001.〕 This tree is of ecological importance. The seeds are dispersed by tapirs, which swallow the fruits whole,〔Quiroga-Castro, V. D. and A. I. Roldán. (2001). (The fate of ''Attalea phalerata'' (Palmae) seeds dispersed to a tapir latrine. ) ''Biotropica'' 33(3) 472-77.〕 and by rheas, agoutis, spiny rats of genus ''Clyomys'', and caracaras. The hyacinth macaw consumes the seeds and may disperse them, as well.〔 The sheaths of the palm often accumulate the seeds of other plants, which are sometimes deposited there by ''Artibeus jamaicensis'', a frugivorous bat. The seeds sometimes germinate there and grow as epiphytes on the palm tree.〔 This palm tree is commonly pollinated by sap beetles of genus ''Mystrops'' and weevils of tribe Madarini.〔Fava, W. S., et al. (2011). (''Attalea phalerata'' and ''Bactris glaucescens'' (Arecaceae, Arecoideae): Phenology and pollination ecology in the Pantanal, Brazil. ) ''Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants'' 206(6) 575-84.〕 The weevil ''Pachymerus cardo'' is known to be a seed predator on this species.〔 The tree has human uses. The leaves are used to thatch rooftops and the fruits are fed to pigs and other livestock.〔 It is a source of vegetable oil.〔R., M. Moraes., et al. (1996). (Notes on the biology and uses of the Motacú Palm (''Attalea phalerata'', Arecaceae) from Bolivia. ) ''Economic Botany'' 50(4) 423-28.〕 This is "economically the most important palm species in Bolivia".〔 ''Rhodinus stali'', an insect which is a vector of Chagas disease, may infest this tree.〔 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Attalea phalerata」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|